Iyo gutsindwa atari amahitamo. Ibyo ni ukuri ku bikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bitwara toni zirenga 5.000 z'icyuma ku isaha mu birometero byinshi by'ubutaka bukomeye. Ni ukuri kandi ku byambu bipakira indege zitwara imizigo amasaha 24/24, ndetse no ku nganda za sima zitanga clinker mu matanura adakonja.

Muri ibi bihe, umukandara wo gutwara imizigo si ikintu cy’ingenzi. Ni wo mushinga wawe w’ibanze. Kandi iyo injeniyeri zigennye umukandara wo gusimbuza iyi porogaramu, ntabwo zishaka "umukandara wo gutwara imizigo" - zishaka umukandara wo gutwara imizigo w’icyuma ufite amanota yihariye ya ST.

Niba uri umuyobozi ushinzwe amasoko, injeniyeri ushinzwe kubungabunga, cyangwa umuyobozi w’uruganda ushaka umucuruzi w’imikandara y’icyuma wizewe, iyi nyandiko yanditswe ku bwawe.

Ni ikiUmukandara w'icyuma utwara umugozi?

Umukandara w'icyuma utwara insinga ni umukandara ukomeye ukoreshwa mu gukora imigozi y'icyuma iremereye aho gukomezwa imbere n'insinga z'icyuma ziremereye (imigozi) aho kuba imigozi y'imyenda. Imigozi y'icyuma itanga imbaraga zo gukurura zikenewe kuri:

• Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu ndege imwe burenga kilometero 10
• Guterura hejuru — guterura hejuru ya metero 500 cyangwa zirenga mu cyiciro kimwe
• Imirimo itwara toni nyinshi — umuvuduko urenze toni 5,000/h

Bitandukanye n'imikandara y'imyenda irambaraye iyo iremereye cyane, imikandara y'icyuma igumana uburebure buke (ubusanzwe iri munsi ya 0.25%), bivuze ko ingendo zo kuyitwara zidahagije, gusubiramo inshuro nke, no gukora amasaha menshi.

Gusobanukirwa amanota ya ST: Injeniyeri mu ndimi zivuga

Iyo ubonye ST630, ST1000, ST1600, cyangwa ST5400, uba ureba igipimo cy'imbaraga zo gukurura umukandara muri N/mm (Newtons kuri milimetero imwe y'ubugari bw'umukandara). Uko umubare uba munini, niko umukandara uba ukomeye.

Isuzuma rya ST	Imbaraga zo Gufata	Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha
ST630 – ST1000	630–1.000 N/mm	Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro buciriritse, amabuye y'agaciro, amamashini atwara amatungo mu cyaro
ST1250 – ST1600	1.250–1.600 N/mm	Ibirombe by'amakara, inganda za sima, ibikoresho byo gukusanya/gusubiza ibyambu
ST2000 – ST2500	2,000–2,500 N/mm	Ibyuma bitwara amashanyarazi birebire, gutwara amabuye y'agaciro afite ubushobozi bwinshi
ST3150 – ST4000	3.150–4.000 N/mm	Gutumura umugozi muremure, sisitemu zo kuzamura cyane, gusohora icyuma gikurura
ST4500 – ST5400	4,500–5,400 N/mm	Ikoreshwa rikomeye cyane — imiyoboro minini, imiyoboro minini y'ibirombe

Inama y'abahanga itangwa n'abahanga bacu: Abaguzi benshi barengeje urugero rwa ST "kugira ngo babe bafite umutekano," ibyo bigatuma igiciro cy'umukandara kiyongera, ibisabwa mu gupima ibyuma, n'uburemere bw'udupira. Igipimo cya ST gikwiye ni icyo cyujuje ubukana bw'imikorere yawe ntarengwa hamwe n'igipimo cy'umutekano gisanzwe - ubusanzwe ni 6.7: 1 ku mikandara y'icyuma mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Vugana n'ikipe yacu kugira ngo tubare ubukana bw'uburemere bw'umukandara.

Ni iki gituma Annilte iba nziza?Umukandara w'icyumaBitandukanye?

1. Ikoranabuhanga mu gukora ibintu bikomoka mu Budage

Annilte ikoresha imirongo 16 y’umusaruro wuzuye ikoresheje ibikoresho byo mu Budage byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Buri gipimo cy’ingenzi cy’umusaruro - ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, igihe cyo kuba - gikurikiranwa kandi kikagenzurwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bivuze ko buri metero y’umukandara iva mu ruganda rwacu ifite amakuru ashobora gukurikiranwa ku musaruro.

2. Inzira yuzuye ya ST munsi y'igisenge kimwe

Kuva kuri ST630 kugeza kuri ST5400, Annilte akora ubwoko bwose bw'ibicuruzwa. Nta gucuruza ibicuruzwa hanze. Oya "tuzaganira n'uruganda rwacu dufatanyije." Dukora ibyo tugurisha, bivuze ko igihe cyo kubigurisha ari gito kandi tukabazwa ibyo dukora mu buryo butaziguye.

3. Yakozwe mu buryo bujyanye n'ahantu hakomeye cyane ku isi

Imikandara yacu y'icyuma ishyirwa kuri:

• Ibirombe bya zahabu n'umuringa byo muri Afurika — aho ubushyuhe bw'ikirere burenga dogere selisiyusi 45 kandi igihe cyo kuruhuka gitwara $100.000+ ku isaha
• Inganda za sima zo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya — zikora icyuma gikonjesha ku buryo gikomeza gutanga umusaruro mwinshi
• Ibikorwa bya fosfeti yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati — bisaba ibinyabutabire bikingira imiti
• Ibirombe binini by'amabuye y'agaciro byo muri Amerika y'Epfo — ibirometero byinshi byo gutwara ibintu ku butaka bifite ubushobozi bwa toni 10.000/h
• Ibigega by'amakara byo muri Ositaraliya — byujuje amabwiriza akomeye ku isi agenga umutekano no kwirinda inkongi

4. Ibikoresho byo gupfuka byihariye

Igipfukisho cy'umukandara ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'inkuru. Igipfukisho cya kabutura kigena igihe umukandara wawe uzamara mu gace utuyemo. Annilte atanga:

Icyiciro cy'igifuniko	Imbaraga zo Gufata	Ibyiza Kuri
A (Irwanya kwangirika kw'imitsi)	18–25 MPa	Ubucukuzi rusange, ikusanyirizo ry'amabuye y'agaciro
FR (Irinda umuriro)	15–20 MPa	Amakara yo munsi y'ubutaka, imiyoboro y'amazi
Cyangwa (Irwanya Amavuta)	15–18 MPa	Umucanga w'amavuta, inganda zikora imiti
HR (Irwanya Ubushyuhe)	10–15 MPa	Sima ikora nk'icyuma gishyushye, sinter, ivu rishyushye
CR (Irwanya Ubukonje)	18–25 MPa	Ibikorwa bya Arctic/sub-zero (kugeza kuri -50°C)

Itsinda ryacu ry’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere — injeniyeri 35 bafite imyaka irenga 16 bihariye mu mukandara w’imodoka — bashobora gukora imvange yihariye ijyanye n’imikorere yihariye.

Urugero: Igisubizo cyihariye cya metero 3.4 z'ubugari

Ubwo uruganda rutunganya zahabu rwakeneraga umukandara umwe w’icyuma upima metero 3.4 — hafi inshuro eshatu z’ubugari busanzwe bw’inganda — abakora benshi bavuze ko "bidashoboka." Annilte yatanze. Iyi myumvire y’ubuhanga irakora kuri buri mukandara w’icyuma dukora: ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikwiranye n’ibikenewe bisanzwe, ariko ntabwo ari urwitwazo rusanzwe iyo ukeneye ikindi kintu gitandukanye.